Shotcrete – Technical Overview & Uses

What is Shotcrete?

Shotcrete (also known as sprayed concrete) is a method of placing concrete using high-pressure air through a nozzle, which projects the mix onto surfaces such as walls, tunnels, slopes, or overhead structures. It is used for structural reinforcement, surface repair, and lining applications, and can be either wet-mix or dry-mix.

Key Uses of Shotcrete

1. Structural Repairs and Retrofitting

Shotcrete is widely used to repair deteriorated concrete surfaces, especially in beams, columns, tunnels, or retaining walls. It restores section thickness, fills voids, and bonds well with existing concrete and reinforcement.

2. Slope Stabilization

Shotcrete provides immediate surface support in unstable slopes or rock faces. It prevents erosion, rockfall, and landslides, and is often combined with rock bolts and wire mesh.

3. Tunnel and Underground Construction

Used as initial or final lining in tunnels, subways, and shafts, shotcrete provides fast stabilization of freshly excavated surfaces. It conforms to irregular profiles and supports the surrounding ground.

4. Swimming Pools and Water Tanks

In the construction of curved or complex-shaped water structures, shotcrete allows efficient placement without formwork, creating strong, water-tight shells.

5. Architectural and Sculpted Surfaces

Shotcrete is ideal for freeform surfaces like artificial rockwork, decorative facades, zoo enclosures, and skate parks, where conventional formwork is impractical.

6. Mining Applications

Shotcrete is used for ground support in mines, particularly in soft or unstable rock environments. It improves tunnel safety and provides long-term stability.

7. Fire-Damaged Concrete Rehabilitation

In structures exposed to high temperatures, shotcrete is used to remove and replace spalled concrete, restoring both protection and strength.